Hepatosplenic peliosis: A case report and a literature review

......................................... Received: 09-06-11 Accepted: 21-02-12 Abstract Peliosis is a very rare benign entity which is characterized by blood fi lled cavities fi lled within solid organs. They occur primarily in the mononuclear phagocyte system although peliosis can also affect organs such as the lungs, pleura, kidneys, adrenal glands and stomach. Only one lesion or multiple lesions may occur, and their size is also variable. The etiology is unknown but is related to ingestion of, or direct contact with, drugs and various toxic substances such as steroids and oral contraceptives. It is associated with hematologic cancers and infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis. In some cases it is idiopathic. We present the case of a 60 years old woman with a history of hypertension. Physical examination and various imaging studies showed a giant nodular hepatomegaly without splenomegaly. Laboratory studies showed disorders due to liver failure. The patient fi nally died of hypovolemic shock and hemoperitoneum. An autopsy determined the presence of parenchymal hepatosplenic peliosis of other than idiopathic etiology. A literature review highlighting the history, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of hepatosplenic peliosis is included.